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TOPIC: Antarctica
Blobrana


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RE: Antarctica
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British scientists conducting deep field research in Antarctica have discovered unwelcome evidence of the continued effects of global warming.
Now stationed at Lake Ellsworth, 900 miles south of Antarctic Peninsula, scientists have released alarming figures after plotting the rate of ice loss on the continent throughout the last decade the annual rate of ice depreciation now increases by 83 billion tonnes.

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Blobrana


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AntarcticaSat2
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AntarcticaMap
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Credit UCGS

Antarctica is Earth's southernmost continent, overlying the South Pole. It is situated in the southern hemisphere, almost entirely south of the Antarctic Circle, and is surrounded by the Southern Ocean.

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Blobrana


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The Ross Sea
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The Terra satellite captured this view of ice in the Ross Sea in Antarctica, on the morning of December 12, 2007.
That time of year is in the summer in the Southern hemisphere, and the sea ice can dramatically retreat from the coastal waters. This is useful for supply ships bound for McMurdo Station, located on Ross Island in Antarctica. Ross Island is visible towards the right of the image - it is distinguishable from the ice that surrounds it by the rugged texture and brown-colour of the mountains that make up the island.

RossIce1
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Credit: NASA

The Ross Ice Shelf is a massive field of snow and ice that begins on land, but hangs out over the sea. Ross Island reaches a maximum elevation of 3,794 meters on Mount Erebus, an active volcano. The shelf, the largest in the world, undergoes perpetual demolition and reconstruction, as the outer portions of the shelf break off, occasionally giving rise to enormous icebergs, while the interior regions are fed by glaciers flowing down onto the shelf from the mainland.

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Blobrana


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RE: Antarctica
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Scientists have gathered more evidence that suggests flowing water on Mars -- by comparing images of the red planet to an otherworldly landscape on Earth.
In recent years, scientists have examined images of several sites on Mars where water appears to have flowed to the surface and left behind a trail of sediment. Those sites closely resemble places where water flows today in the McMurdo Dry Valleys in Antarctica, the new study has found.
The new study bolsters the notion that liquid water could be flowing beneath the surface of Mars. And since bacteria thrive in the liquid water flowing in the Dry Valleys, the find suggests that bacterial life could possibly exist on Mars as well.
Researchers have used the Dry Valleys as an analogy for Mars for 30 years, explained Berry Lyons, professor of earth sciences and director of the Byrd Polar Research Centre at Ohio State University.
Lyons is lead principal investigator for the National Science Foundation's Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Network, a collaboration of more than 1,800 scientists who study the ecology of sites around the world.
One of the LTER sites is in the Dry Valleys, a polar desert in Antarctica with year-round sal****er flowing beneath the surface. With temperatures that dip as low as negative 85 degrees Fahrenheit, it's as cold as the Martian equator, and its iron-rich soil gives it a similar red colour.

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Blobrana


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McMurdo Dry Valleys
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The McMurdo Dry Valleys Long-Term Ecological Research (MCM LTER) Program is an interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary study of the aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems in an ice-free region of Antarctica. MCM joined the National Science Foundation's LTER Network in 1993 and is funded through the Office of Polar Programs in six year funding periods.
The McMurdo Dry Valleys (77°30'S 163°00'E) on the shore of McMurdo Sound, 2,200 miles (3,500 km) due south of New Zealand, form the largest relatively ice-free area (approximately 4,800 sq km) on the Antarctic continent.

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Blobrana


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A geological study of Antarctica by the British Antarctic Survey (BAS), used ground-penetrating radar and satellite imagery, to reveal the structures beneath the polar ice.

antIcee3
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Credit British Antarctic Survey (BAS)


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Blobrana


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ANDRILLs 2nd Antarctic Drilling Season Exceeds All Expectations
One week ago (Nov. 21), the drilling team passed the 1,000-meter mark in rock core pulled from beneath the sea floor in McMurdo Sound, and with a remarkable recovery rate of more than 98 percent. The end of drilling is scheduled for this weekend, and only a few tens of meters of core remain to be recovered for an expected final total of more than 1,100 meters the second-deepest rock core drilled in Antarctica.

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Blobrana


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 A team of researchers from NASA, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Science Foundation and the British Antarctic Survey unveiled a newly completed map of Antarctica today that is expected to revolutionise research of the continent's frozen landscape.
The Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica is a result of NASA's state-of-the-art satellite technologies and an example of the prominent role NASA continues to play as a world leader in the development and flight of Earth-observing satellites.
The map is a realistic, nearly cloudless satellite view of the continent at a resolution 10 times greater than ever before with images captured by the NASA-built Landsat 7. With the unprecedented ability to see features half the size of a basketball court, the mosaic offers the most geographically accurate, true-colour, high-resolution views of Antarctica to date.

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Blobrana


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The frozen landscape of Antarctica can be seen in more detail than ever before. Scientists have stitched together more than a thousand satellite images to make a new, true-colour map of the southernmost continent, unveiled by NASA today.
The map, dubbed the Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica, is a realistic, nearly cloudless view of the southernmost continent with a resolution 10 times greater than in previous images.
The mosaic is made up of about 1,100 images from the NASA-built Landsat 7 satellite, nearly all of which were captured between 1999 and 2001. The only gap in the images is a doughnut hole-shaped area at the South Pole. Features half the size of a basketball court are visible on the map, making it the most detailed view of Antarctica yet.

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antarticaMape1
Researchers pieced together more than a thousand images from three years of Landsat satellite observations to construct LIMA (Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica).
Credit: NASA/USGS

NASA has published a new satellite-based, mosaic photographic map of Antarctica that gives the clearest picture yet into the continent's frozen expanses.
Piecing together about 1100 images, the mosaic shows the Antarctic continent in true-colour, high-resolution, largely seamless detail, with only the only gap at the central South Pole region, NASA officials said.
The idea is to provide a tool for researchers planning expeditions, or who are watching as features change on a landscape that is still poorly known. Sez Robert Bindschadler, chief scientist of the Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences Laboratory at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre:

A browsable version of the map, with the ability to scroll in or out, can be found here.

Breakthrough Map of Antarctica Lays Ground for New Discoveries

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Blobrana


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New 'Hi-Def' View of Antarctica to be Presented at Media Briefing
Media are invited to preview a new map of Antarctica 10 times more detailed than any before at 11 a.m. EST, Tuesday, Nov. 27, at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Centre in Greenbelt, Md. Scientists from NASA, the U.S. Geological Survey, the National Science Foundation and the British Antarctic Survey will introduce a new, accurate, true-colour map of the continent. Scientists stitched together more than 1,000 scenes captured during seven years of Landsat satellite observations to create the bird's eye view of the frozen landscape.
Members of the international research team will discuss how the high-resolution Landsat Image Mosaic of Antarctica will revolutionize Antarctic research. They also will describe how the mosaic gives the public a new way to explore the continent for themselves through a free, easy-to-use Web portal. Panelists at the briefing will be:

- Robert Bindschadler, chief scientist of the Hydrospheric and Biospheric Sciences Laboratory, Goddard
- Ray Byrnes, liaison for satellite missions, U.S. Geological Survey, Reston, Va.
- Scott Borg, director of Antarctic Sciences, U.S. Antarctic Program, National Science Foundation, Arlington, Va.
- Andrew Fleming, British Antarctic Survey, Cambridge, England

Images and supporting data will be available at 11 a.m., Nov. 27, 2007.

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