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TOPIC: Homo Sapiens
Blobrana


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RE: Homo Sapiens
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Lousy DNA Reveals When People First Wore Clothes

For once lice are nice, at least for scientists investigating the origins of garments. Using DNA to trace the evolutionary split between head and body lice, researchers conclude that body lice first came on the scene approximately 190,000 years ago. And that shift, the scientists propose, followed soon after people first began wearing clothing.
The new estimate, presented April 16 at the American Association of Physical Anthropologists annual meeting, sheds light on a poorly understood cultural development that allowed people to settle in northern, cold regions, said Andrew Kitchen of Pennsylvania State University in University Park. Armed with little direct evidence, scientists had previously estimated that clothing originated anywhere from around 1 million to 40,000 years ago.
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Blobrana


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Australopithecus sediba
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X-rays show in stunning detail the interior of the skull of a new human-like creature found in South Africa.
The hominid Australopithecus sediba was presented to the world last week.
The X-ray images reveal information about the ancient animal's brain and tantalising evidence of the insects that may have fed on the dead body.
Its discoverers say it fills a key gap between older creatures and the group of more modern species known as Homo, which includes our own kind.
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Blobrana


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Geologists Uncover Major Ancient Human Ancestor in South Africa

Researchers working in South Africa have discovered two remarkably well-preserved fossil skeletons of an ancient human ancestor dating to almost two million years ago.
The discovery is described in two papers published in this week's issue of the journal Science. The international research team was led by Lee Berger of the University of Wi****ersrand, South Africa.
The first paper describes the fossils as representing a new species of hominid, called Australopithecus sediba, which appears to be a transitional form between the more ape-like species Australopithecus and early members of the genus Homo that includes modern humans--Homo sapiens.
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Blobrana


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Homo habilis
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A fossil skeleton of a child discovered in a cave system known as the Cradle of Humankind may represent a previously unknown stage in the evolution of man.
The skeleton, which is almost complete despite being 2m years old, is believed to belong to one of the hominid groups that includes humans. Hominid fossil finds are usually little more than small bone fragments. Scientists hope such a complete find will help them to work out what our ancestors looked like and to determine key dates in their evolution from ape-man to man-ape. Experts who have seen the skeleton says it resembles Homo habilis, the first species of advanced human.
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Blobrana


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Humans Might Have Faced Extinction

Early humans living about one million years ago were extremely close to extinction. Evidence from a novel genetic approach, one that probes ancient DNA regions, suggests that the population of early human species back then, including Homo erectus, H. ergaster and archaic H. sapiens, was 55,500 individuals, tops.
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Blobrana


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Scientists have extracted DNA from a bone discovered in Siberia that almost certainly belongs to a new kind of human

So what is the fourth human to be called? In lieu of a formal name for the new species, Svante Pääbo and Johannes Krause at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology in Leipzig - who extracted and analysed the DNA from the finger bone - gave our latest ancient relative the nickname "X-woman". From the size of the finger bone, they suspect it belonged to a child aged between five and seven years old, but whether it was a boy or girl is unknown. The nickname is a nod to the laboratory tests they used to identify the creature as something new to science: they examined DNA locked up in tiny organelles called mitochondria, which are passed down the maternal line only.
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Blobrana


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The remarkable recovery of an ancient mitochondrial DNA lineage in a human fossil from Denisova cave in Siberia could really be the tip of the iceberg in terms of understanding human origins, particularly in this region of the world. Asia covers a large area and we have a pretty poor idea of who was there or how they were related to the rest of the human family.
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Blobrana


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DNA analysis reveals lost relative from 40,000 years ago.

In the summer of 2008, Russian researchers dug up a sliver of human finger bone from an isolated Siberian cave. The team stored it away for later testing, assuming that the nondescript fragment came from one of the Neanderthals who left a welter of tools in the cave between 30,000 and 48,000 years ago. Nothing about the bone shard seemed extraordinary.
Its genetic material told another story. When German researchers extracted and sequenced DNA from the fossil, they found that it did not match that of Neanderthals - or of modern humans, which were also living nearby at the time. The genetic data, published online in Nature, reveal that the bone may belong to a previously unrecognised, extinct human species that migrated out of Africa long before our known relatives.
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Blobrana


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New ancestor?

In the latest use of DNA to investigate the story of humankind, scientists have decoded genetic material from an unidentified human ancestor that lived in Siberia and concluded it might be a new member of the human family tree.
The DNA doesn't match modern humans or Neanderthals, two species that lived in that area around the same time - 30,000 to 50,000 years ago.
Instead, it suggests the Siberian species lineage split off from the branch leading to moderns and Neanderthals a million years ago, the researchers calculated. And they said that doesn't seem to match the history of human ancestors previously known from fossils.
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Blobrana


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Homo floresiensis
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Ancestors of a hobbit-like species of humans may have colonised the Indonesian island of Flores as far back as a million years ago, much earlier than thought, according to a new study published Thursday.
These early ancestors, or hominins, were previously thought to have arrived on the island about 800,000 years ago but artifacts found in a new archaeological site suggest they might have been around even earlier.
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