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Special theory of relativity
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Einstein's "Zur Elektrodynamik bewegter Körper" ("On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies"), his third paper that year, was received on June 30 and published September 26. It reconciles Maxwell's equations for electricity and magnetism with the laws of mechanics, by in...
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Astro-quark matter
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Title: Astro-quark matter: a challenge facing astroparticle physics Authors: Renxin Xu (PKU) Quark matter both in terrestrial experiment and in astrophysics is briefly reviewed. Astrophysical quark matter could appear in the early Universe, in compact stars, and as cosmic rays. Emphasis is p...
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Nuclear Astrophysics
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Title: Three Puzzles from Nuclear Astrophysics Authors: W. C. Haxton I discuss three open problems in astrophysics where nuclear physics can make important contributions: the solar abundance problem, dark matter particle detection, and the origin of the r-process elements. [url=http://arx...
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Solar power
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U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Alexander Karsner today announced that with DOE funding, a concentrator solar cell produced by Boeing-Spectrolab has recently achieved a world-record conversion efficiency of 40.7 percent, esta...
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Balmer and Lyman Emission Lines
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Title: On the Origin of the Balmer and Lyman Emission Lines Authors: G. Stellmacher, E. Wiehr We show how the observed hydrogen Balmer and Lyman emission lines constrain the modelling of quiescent solar prominences. We compare space observations of Lyman lines with ground-based observations of...
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India-based Neutrino Observatory
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A proposed observatory in Nilgiri forests threatens to disturb wildlife movement In early 2000, a team of scientists gathered at the Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics in Kolkata and decided to revive research on neutrinos, tiny elemental particles that can pass through almost all matter unhinde...
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Helium
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Helium is the talk of the party balloon industry these days, and it is not a discussion being carried out in high-pitched giggles. The second most plentiful element in the universe is suddenly in short supply on this planet, and that means soaring prices for a lot of things, balloons included. "...
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No-hair theorem
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Title: Hair of astrophysical black holes Authors: Maxim Lyutikov (Purdue University and Osservatorio di Arcetri) The "no hair" theorem is not applicable to black holes formed from collapse of a rotating neutron star. Rotating neutron stars can self-produce particles via vacuum bre...
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Semiconduction
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Berkeley Lab-led Observations of Electron Hopping in Iron Oxide Hold Consequences for Environment and Energy Rust - iron oxide - is a poor conductor of electricity, which is why an electronic device with a rusted battery usually won't work. Despite this poor conductivity, an electron transferre...
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Heisenberg uncertainty principle
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In quantum mechanics, the Heisenberg uncertainty principle states precise inequalities that constrain certain pairs of physical properties, such as measuring the present position while determining future momentum; both cannot be simultaneously done to arbitrarily high precision. That is...
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Nucleosynthesis
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Title: Silver and palladium help unveil the nature of a second r-process Authors: Camilla Juul Hansen, Francesca Primas, Henrik Hartman, Karl-Ludwig Kratz, Shinya Wanajo, Bruno Leibundgut, Khalil Farouqi, Oliver Hallmann, Norbert Christlieb, Hampus Nilsson The rapid neutron-capture proc...
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New Field Equation of Gravitation
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IU mathematician offers unified theory of dark matter, dark energy, altering Einstein field equations A pair of mathematicians -- one from Indiana University and the other from Sichuan University in China -- have proposed a unified theory of dark matter and dark energy that alters Einstein's equ...
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X-ray laser
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The 11th International Conference on X-ray Lasers will be hosted by Queens University Belfast from Sunday 17th August to Friday 22nd August 2008. Read more
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Quasicrystal
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Exotic Quasicrystal May Represent New Type of Mineral A team of researchers says it has found in a Russian mineral sample the first natural example of a quasicrystal, an unusual material that displays some of the properties of a crystal but boasts a more intricate and complex structure. Since quasi...
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Majorana fermions
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Title: A new CP violating observable for the LHC Authors: Joshua Berger, Monika Blanke, Yuval Grossman We study a new type of CP violating observable that arises in three body decays of neutral particles, such as Majorana fermions. We consider decays that are dominated by an intermediate charged r...
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