Researchers at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute and Australian National University have found new evidence that environmental conditions on early Earth, within 200 million years of solar system formation, were characterized by liquid-water oceans and continental crust similar to those of...
Physicists have invented an electronic thermometer that ties temperature directly to a fundamental number--namely, the Boltzmann constant, a value related to the kinetic energy of molecules. (The constant is typically abbreviated in high school chemistry as k or kB.) The device centers on the...
New 'Thermometer' Helps Scientists Accurately Measure Rock Formation A University of Arkansas researcher and his colleagues have used magnesium isotopes to determine the temperature at which rocks form, which will allow scientists to better study the formation of the earth's crust and mantle...