Jeanne Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour, also known as Madame de Pompadour (29 December 1721 - 15 April 1764) was a member of the French court http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ACz-gFib8zo
Ibn al-Banna al-Marrakush al-Azdi also known as Abu'l-Abbas Ahmad ibn Muhammad ibn Uthman al-Azdi. (29 December 1256 - c. 1321) was a Moroccan mathematician, astronomer, Islamic scholar, Sufi, and a one time astrologer. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibn_al-Banna%27_al-Marrakushi
Most consider Isaac Roberts' magnum opus to be a photograph showing the structure of M31, the Great Nebula in Andromeda (now known as the Andromeda Galaxy) taken on December 29, 1888. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Roberts