* Astronomy

Title: 3D-HST: A wide-field grism spectroscopic survey with the Hubble Space Telescope
Authors: Gabriel Brammer, Pieter van Dokkum, Marijn Franx, Mattia Fumagalli, Shannon Patel, Hans-Walter Rix, Rosalind Skelton, Mariska Kriek, Erica Nelson, Kasper Schmidt, Rachel Bezanson, Elisabete da Cunha, Dawn Erb, Xiaohui Fan, Natascha Förster Schreiber, Garth Illingworth, Ivo Labbé, Joel Leja, Britt Lundgren, Dan Magee, Danilo Marchesini, Patrick McCarthy, Ivelina Momcheva, Adam Muzzin, Ryan Quadri, Charles Steidel, Tomer Tal, David Wake, Katherine Whitaker, Anna Williams

We present 3D-HST, a near-infrared spectroscopic Treasury program with the Hubble Space Telescope for studying the processes that shape galaxies in the distant Universe. 3D-HST provides rest-frame optical spectra for a sample of ~7000 galaxies at 1<z<3.5, the epoch when 60% of all star formation took place, the number density of quasars peaked, the first galaxies stopped forming stars, and the structural regularity that we see in galaxies today must have emerged. 3D-HST will cover ¾ (625 sq.arcmin) of the CANDELS survey area with two orbits of primary WFC3/G141 grism coverage and two to four parallel orbits with the ACS/G800L grism. In the IR these exposure times yield a continuum signal-to-noise of ~5 per resolution element at H~23.1 and a 5sigma emission line sensitivity of 5x10-17 erg/s/cm² for typical objects, improving by a factor of ~2 for compact sources in images with low sky background levels. The WFC3/G141 spectra provide continuous wavelength coverage from 1.1-1.6 um at a spatial resolution of ~0."13, which, combined with their depth, makes them a unique resource for studying galaxy evolution. We present the preliminary reduction and analysis of the grism observations, including emission line and redshift measurements from combined fits to the extracted grism spectra and photometry from ancillary multi-wavelength catalogues. The present analysis yields redshift estimates with a precision of sigma(z)=0.0034(1+z), or sigma(v)~1000 km/s. We illustrate how the generalised nature of the survey yields near-infrared spectra of remarkable quality for many different types of objects, including a quasar at z=4.7, quiescent galaxies at z~2, and the most distant T-type brown dwarf star known. The CANDELS and 3D-HST surveys combined will provide the definitive imaging and spectroscopic dataset for studies of the 1<z<3.5 Universe until the launch of the James Webb Space Telescope.

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