* Astronomy

Title: Effect of the Lee-Wick partners in the evolution of the early universe
Authors: Kaushik Bhattacharya, Suratna Das

Recently some work has been done on Lee-Wick standard model where the authors tried to tackle the hierarchy problem by using higher derivative field theory. All those theories require unusual Lee-Wick partners to the Standard model particles where these unusual fields appear with negative signs in the Lagrangian. The thermodynamics of such unusual Lee-Wick particles has also been studied. In the present article the thermodynamic results of the Lee-Wick partner infested universe have been applied in a model where there is one Lee-Wick partner to each of the standard model particle. In this model one can analytically calculate the time-temperature relation in the very early radiation dominated universe which shows interesting new physics. The article also tries to point out how a Lee-Wick particle dominated early cosmology transforms into the standard cosmological model. Based on the results of the previous analysis a brief discussion on the more realistic model, which can accommodate two Lee-Wick partners for each standard fermionic field, is presented. It has been shown that such an universe is mostly very difficult to attain but there are certain conditions where one can indeed think of such an universe which can evolve into the standard cosmological universe in a short time duration.

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