Explorer 9 (S-56a) was launched on the 16th February, 1961 to study the density and composition of the upperthermosphere and lower exosphere. It was a reflight of the failed S-56 mission, and consisted of a 7-kilogram, 3.7-meter balloon which was deployed into a medium Earth orbit. The mission was conducted by NASA's Langley Research Centre. Read more
Explorer 9 was the first spacecraft placed in orbit by an all-solid rocket and the first spacecraft successfully launched from Wallops Island. It was launched on 16 February 1961. Explorer 9 was the first in a series of 3.66 m inflatable spheres to be successfully placed into orbit solely for the determination of atmospheric densities. It was identical in its objectives and configuration to the earlier unsuccessful launch of Explorer S-56. Read more