Often called the "Dog Star," Sirius is the brightest star visible in the sky after our own sun. Sirius rules the night, outshone by only the Moon, planets Venus and Jupiter, and the rare brilliant meteor. The star is likened to a diamond in appearance due to its bluish-white hue and sheer magnitude. Winter evenings are an excellent time to see it. The star gleams about a third of the way up in the southern sky (as seen from mid-northern latitudes), on February evenings. You will see to the lower left of the bright constellation Orion, but Sirius really needs no pointers. There are no stars at night its equal. Read more
There are several interesting celestial highlights in February if you are willing to brave the cold to enjoy the crystalline clarity of the midwinter sky. There are only three planets visible, but all three have unusual activities going on, as if they are competing for our attention. The South Equatorial belt on Jupiter, along which the Great Red Spot travels, is continuing to return after a brief disappearance last year. Saturn has sprung a massive new storm, which could be one of the rare Great White Spot outbreaks that occur periodically on this giant gas planet. At 36,000 miles long by the end of last year, this spot was already bigger than the circumference of the earth. The white spots usually occur about every 29 years, which corresponds to Saturn's orbital period around the sun. However, there are some exceptions, and this is one of them since the next white spot was not expected until 2018. Read more
The only annual meteor shower in February 2011 is the Alpha Centaurids. This meteor shower is more favorable for those observers in the southern hemisphere, and normally only produces 3 to 5 meteors per hour during the peak. Although the peak of the Alpha Centaurids occurs on February 7, these meteors can be observed for several weeks prior to and after the peak. The meteors produced in this shower are often very fast, and the occasional fireball can also be seen. Read more
Objects of the Heart for Valentine's Day. On February 14, many areas of the world will celebrate love with Valentine's Day. For those of you lucky enough to have a loved one of your own, consider the following objects provided in the Heavens: The first and most obvious is the planet of Venus, named after the Greek Goddess of love. Now, go over to the constellation of Cassiopeia, and you will find The Heart Nebula. Officially called by the decidedly less romantic "IC1805", the Heart Nebula glows a reddish hue (naturally!) at magnitude 6. Surrounding the delicate splash of diamonds, is the star cluster Mel-15. Next is the Rosette Nebula ,NGC2237. Located in Monoceros, this delicate planetary nebula is perhaps one of the prettiest in the sky. Zoom in with a field of view of 4 degrees, you will see beauty gracefully bloom on your screen unlike anything you're seen before. If the roses have done their job, you may at last want to consider the Ring Nebula, M57. Rising in the early morning hours during the winter, M57 is one of the easiest to locate deep-sky objects and one of the most aptly named, nestled gently in the side of Lyra, the Lyre. Low power telescope views show a very small blue/green disk, not much bigger than a star. Medium to high power will magnify the size of the nebula while leaving the surrounding stars the same size, confirming you have found it. Can be seen in binoculars as a faint star like point of light.
February has no major meteor showers but there are a couple of minor showers for Southern hemisphere observers, the Alpha and Beta Centaurids. Although the Alpha Centaurids is considered a minor shower, in some years the number of meteors rises enough to reach the level of a major shower. While Alpha & Beta Centaurids can occasionally be seen during most of the month, their peaks occur on the same night, in the early morning hours of February 8.