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Post Info TOPIC: Comet 9/P Tempel 1
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RE: Comet 9/P Tempel 1
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Tempel 1 was discovered on April 3, 1867, by Wilhelm Tempel 

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Comet 9P/Tempel
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Comet 9P/Tempel is at Opposition (3.754 AU) on the 3rd December 2013

Ephemeris

Date    TT    R. A. (2000) Decl.     Delta      r     Elong.  Phase   Mag
2013 12 02    04 38 36.1 +22 36 47   3.7548  4.7405   178.4     0.3
2013 12 03    04 37 48.3 +22 36 10   3.7544  4.7402   179.4     0.1
2013 12 04    04 37 00.5 +22 35 32   3.7544  4.7399   179.0     0.2
2013 12 05    04 36 12.8 +22 34 53   3.7547  4.7396   177.8     0.4
2013 12 06    04 35 25.1 +22 34 13   3.7553  4.7393   176.7     0.7
2013 12 07    04 34 37.5 +22 33 32   3.7562  4.7390   175.5     0.9
2013 12 08    04 33 50.0 +22 32 51   3.7575  4.7387   174.3     1.2
2013 12 09    04 33 02.7 +22 32 09   3.7591  4.7384   173.1     1.4
2013 12 10    04 32 15.6 +22 31 25   3.7610  4.7380   171.9     1.7
2013 12 11    04 31 28.8 +22 30 42   3.7633  4.7377   170.7     1.9
2013 12 12    04 30 42.2 +22 29 58   3.7658  4.7374   169.5     2.2
2013 12 13    04 29 55.9 +22 29 13   3.7687  4.7370   168.3     2.4


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Blobrana


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RE: Comet 9/P Tempel 1
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Title: The Dust Mantle of Comet 9P/Tempel 1: Dynamical Constraints on Physical Properties
Authors: Hiroshi Kobayashi, Hiroshi Kimura, Satoru Yamamoto

The trajectories of dust particles ejected from a comet are affected by solar radiation pressure as a function of their ratios of radiation pressure cross section to mass. Therefore, a study on the orbital evolution of the particles caused by the radiation pressure reveals the physical properties of dust on the surface of the comet nucleus. In the course of NASA's Deep Impact mission, the ejecta plume evolved under the influence of the radiation pressure. From the evolution and shape of the plume, we have succeeded in obtaining \beta \approx 0.4, where \beta is the ratio of the radiation pressure to the solar gravity. Taking into account \beta \approx 0.4 as well as the observational constraints of a high colour temperature and a small silicate-feature strength, dust particles ejected from the surface of comet 9P/Tempel 1 are likely compact dust aggregates of sizes \approx 20µm (mass ~10^{-8}\,g). This is comparable to the major dust on the surface of comet 1P/Halley (~ 10µm) inferred from in-situ measurements and theoretical considerations. Since such dust aggregates with \beta \approx 0.4 must have survived on the surface against jets due to ice sublimation, the temperature of ice in the nucleus must be kept below 145\,K, which is much lower than equilibrium temperature determined by solar irradiation and thermal emission. These facts indicate that 9P/Tempel 1 has a dust mantle composed of 20µm-sized dust aggregates with low thermal conductivities ~ 1 erg cm^{-1} K^{-1} s^{-1}.

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Title: Location of upper borders of cavities containing dust and gas under pressure in comets
Authors: Sergei I. Ipatov

The distance between the pre-impact surface of Comet 9P/Tempel 1 and the upper border of the largest cavity excavated during ejection of material after the collision of the impact module of the Deep Impact spacecraft with the comet is estimated to be about 5-6 metres if the diameter of the DI transient crater was about 150-200 m. The estimated distance was 4 m at the diameter was 100 m. This result suggests that cavities containing dust and gas under pressure located a few metres below surfaces of comets can be frequent.

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 Deep Impact spacecraft crater catalogued

A NASA probe left a 164-foot-deep hole in in the comet Tempel 1, report space agency mission scientists.
Among the more fun space efforts ever mounted by NASA, the Deep Impact spacecraft's probe smacked into the comet at 23,000 miles-per-hour in 2005.
The result was a crater almost 2800 feet across and 164 feet deep, finds the spacecraft team led by Cornell's Joseph Veverka, in an upcoming report in the journal, Icarus.
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Ephemeris
Date       UT      R.A. (J2000) Decl.    Delta     r     El.    Ph.   Mag     
            h m s                                                            
2011 02 26 000000 20 06 28.8 -23 44 00   2.228   1.575   38.3  22.9  12.2
2011 02 27 000000 20 09 36.2 -23 39 29   2.226   1.578   38.6  23.0  12.2
2011 02 28 000000 20 12 42.8 -23 34 48   2.224   1.580   38.9  23.2  12.2
2011 03 01 000000 20 15 48.5 -23 29 57   2.223   1.583   39.2  23.3  12.2
2011 03 02 000000 20 18 53.3 -23 24 55   2.221   1.586   39.5  23.4  12.2
2011 03 03 000000 20 21 57.2 -23 19 43   2.219   1.589   39.8  23.5  12.3
2011 03 04 000000 20 25 00.3 -23 14 22   2.218   1.592   40.1  23.6  12.3
2011 03 05 000000 20 28 02.4 -23 08 52   2.216   1.596   40.4  23.7  12.3
2011 03 06 000000 20 31 03.5 -23 03 12   2.214   1.599   40.7  23.9  12.3
2011 03 07 000000 20 34 03.7 -22 57 23   2.213   1.602   41.0  24.0  12.3
2011 03 08 000000 20 37 03.0 -22 51 26   2.211   1.605   41.3  24.1  12.4
2011 03 09 000000 20 40 01.3 -22 45 21   2.209   1.609   41.6  24.2  12.4
2011 03 10 000000 20 42 58.6 -22 39 08   2.208   1.612   41.9  24.3  12.4
2011 03 11 000000 20 45 55.0 -22 32 46   2.206   1.615   42.3  24.4  12.4
2011 03 12 000000 20 48 50.3 -22 26 18   2.204   1.619   42.6  24.5  12.4
2011 03 13 000000 20 51 44.7 -22 19 42   2.203   1.622   42.9  24.6  12.5
2011 03 14 000000 20 54 38.0 -22 12 59   2.201   1.626   43.2  24.8  12.5
2011 03 15 000000 20 57 30.3 -22 06 09   2.199   1.630   43.6  24.9  12.5
2011 03 16 000000 21 00 21.7 -21 59 13   2.197   1.633   43.9  25.0  12.5
2011 03 17 000000 21 03 12.0 -21 52 11   2.196   1.637   44.2  25.1  12.6
2011 03 18 000000 21 06 01.3 -21 45 02   2.194   1.641   44.6  25.2  12.6


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Stardust's encounter with comet Tempel 1



NASA's Stardust spacecraft flew by comet Tempel 1 on Valentine's Day 2011 to try and get a good look at the crater left by the Deep Impact projectile almost 6 years earlier. Astronomy Now's Gemma Lavender reports on the successful fly-by.

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Comet Tempel 1 Six Years Later

PIA13869.jpg
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This image shows the surface of comet Tempel 1 as seen before and after NASA's Deep Impact mission sent a probe into the comet in 2005. The region was imaged by Deep Impact before the collision (left), then six years later on Feb. 14, 2011, by NASA's Stardust-NExT mission, which flew by the comet, snapping pictures along the way (middle and right images).
The white arrow shows the trajectory of the impact probe, and the red oval shows the area of impact, based on the trajectory data. The large yellow arrows show the location of the sun, while the little yellow arrows show selected features in the both the pre- and post-impact images. The yellow dotted circle shows the region of the impact site.

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The Two Faces of Tempel 1

Just one year before its Feb. 14 encounter with comet Tempel 1, NASA's Stardust spacecraft performed the largest rocket burn of its extended life. With the spacecraft on the opposite side of the solar system and beyond the orbit of Mars, the comet hunter's rockets fired for 22 minutes and 53 seconds, changing the spacecraft's speed by 24 meters per second (54 mph). The burn was a result of an international effort to determine something that could very well be indeterminate -- which face of Tempel 1 will be facing the sun when Stardust hurtles by tonight, Feb. 14, the evening of Valentine's Day in the United States.
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NASA plans a Valentine's Day rendezvous for one of its missions, a make-up visit to the comet, Tempel-1.
In 2005, the space agency's Deep Impact mission smashed an impact capsule into the comet, blasting a crater in its surface. On Valentine's Day evening, Feb. 14, around 11:30 p.m. ET, the Stardust-NExT mission (formerly Stardust), will pass about 120 miles over the comet, aiming for a look at the crater.
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