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Baryon Acoustic Oscillations
(Preview)
Acoustic oscillations arise from the competition between gravitational attraction and gas pressure in the primordial plasma. These oscillations leave their imprint on structures at every epoch of the evolution of the Universe, providing a robust standard ruler from which the expansion histo...
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7
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Quantum mechanics
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Title: Observation of the Goos-Hänchen Shift with Neutrons Authors: Victor-O. de Haan, Jeroen Plomp, Theo M. Rekveldt, Wicher H. Kraan, and Ad A. van Well The Goos-Hänchen effect is a spatial shift along an interface resulting from an interference effect that occurs for total internal reflecti...
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9
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X-10 Graphite Reactor
(Preview)
The X-10 Graphite Reactor at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Oak Ridge, Tennessee, formerly known as the Clinton Pile and X-10 Pile, was the world's second artificial nuclear reactor (after Enrico Fermi's Chicago Pile) and was the first reactor designed and built for continuous operation. The X...
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CoGeNT
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Title: Results from a Search for Light-Mass Dark Matter with a P-type Point Contact Germanium Detector Authors: C.E. Aalseth, P.S. Barbeau, N.S. Bowden, B. Cabrera-Palmer, J. Colaresi, J.I. Collar, S. Dazeley, P. de Lurgio, G. Drake, J.E. Fast, N. Fields, C.H. Greenberg, T.W. Hossbach, M.E. Kei...
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The metre
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The 11th General Conference on Weights and Measures (CGPM) on the 14th October, 1960, defines the metre to be equal to 1,650,763.73 wavelengths in vacuum of the radiation corresponding to the transition between the 2p10 and 5d5 quantum levels of the krypton-86 atom. Read more
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Planck's blackbody radiation law
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A well-established physical law describes the transfer of heat between two objects, but some physicists have long predicted that the law should break down when the objects are very close together. Scientists had never been able to confirm, or measure, this breakdown in practice. For the first tim...
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Low-energy cosmic rays
(Preview)
Title: Nonthermal X-rays from low-energy cosmic rays: Application to the 6.4 keV line emission from the Arches cluster region Authors: Vincent Tatischeff, Anne Decourchelle, Gilles Maurin The iron line at 6.4 keV provides a valuable spectral diagnostic in several fields of X-ray astronomy. It...
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Supersolids
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Physicists at the Joint Quantum Institute (JQI) of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and the University of Maryland have proposed a recipe for turning ultracold "boson" atoms - the ingredients of Bose-Einstein condensates - into a "supersolid," a...
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Wurtzite Boron Nitride
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Harder than Diamond: Superior Indentation Strength of Wurtzite BN and Lonsdaleite Recent indentation experiments indicate that Wurtzite BN (w-BN) exhibits surprisingly high hardness that rivals that of diamond. Here we unveil a novel two-stage shear deformation mechanism responsible for t...
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von Zeipel law
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Zoom-up star photos poke holes in century-old astronomical theory The hottest stars in the universe spin so fast that they get a bit squished at their poles and dimmer around their middle. The 90-year-old theory that predicts the extent of this "gravity darkening" phenomenon has major...
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Quaternion
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In mathematics, the quaternions are a number system that extends the complex numbers. They were first described by Irish mathematician Sir William Rowan Hamilton in 1843 and applied to mechanics in three-dimensional space. A striking feature of quaternions is that the product of two quaternion...
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Coriolis Effect
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Title: The Coriolis Effect Apparently Described in Giovanni Battista Riccioli's Arguments Against the Motion of the Earth: An English Rendition of Almagestum Novum Part II, Book 9, Section 4, Chapter 21, Pages 425, 426-7 Authors: Christopher M. Graney In his encyclopaedic work on astronomy, th...
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Curvaton
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Title: Electrically charged curvaton Authors: Michela D'Onofrio, Rose N. Lerner, Arttu Rajantie We consider the possibility that the primordial curvature perturbation was generated through the curvaton mechanism from a scalar field with an electric charge, or precisely the Standard Model U...
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Symmetrical object
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The Queen given dominion in hyperspace An Oxford University mathematician will give Her Majesty The Queen an unusual Diamond Jubilee gift: her very own piece of mathematical infinite dimensional hyperspace. Professor Marcus du Sautoy of Oxford University's Mathematical Institute has named a...
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Z-pinch
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Recreating White Dwarf Atmospheres in the Lab Physicists at Sandia National Laboratory in New Mexico are getting into the white dwarf game, collaborating with their astronomer colleagues to recreate the atmospheres of white dwarf stars in the lab. Their instrument? A powerful x-ray-generatin...
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